Fire-injured ponderosa pine provide a pulsed resource for bark beetles
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چکیده
Bark beetles can cause substantial mortality of trees that would otherwise survive fire injuries. Resin response of fire-injured northern Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) and specific injuries that contribute to increased bark beetle attack susceptibility and brood production are unknown. We monitored ponderosa pine mortality and resin flow and bark beetle colonization and reproduction following a prescribed fire in Idaho and a wildfire in Montana. The level of fire-caused tree injury differed between the two sites, and the level of tree injury most susceptible to bark beetle attack and colonization also differed. Strip-attacked trees alive 3 years post-fire had lower levels of bole and crown injury than trees mass attacked and killed by bark beetles, suggesting that fire-injured trees were less well defended. Brood production of western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) did not differ between fire-injured and uninjured trees, although mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) brood production was low in both tree types, potentially due to competition with faster developing bark beetle species that also colonized trees. Despite a large number of live trees remaining at both sites, bark beetle response to fire-injured trees pulsed and receded within 2 years post-fire, potentially due to a limited number of trees that could be easily colonized. Résumé : Les scolytes peuvent tuer beaucoup d’arbres qui pourraient autrement survivre aux blessures causées par le feu. La production de résine chez les pins ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) dans le nord des montagnes Rocheuses en réaction aux blessures causées par le feu ainsi que les blessures spécifiques qui contribuent à l’augmentation de la susceptibilité aux attaques des scolytes et à la production de nouvelles générations d’insectes n’ont pas été étudiées. Nous avons suivi la mortalité et l’écoulement de résine chez le pin ponderosa, ainsi que la colonisation et la reproduction des scolytes à la suite d’un brûlage dirigé en Idaho et d’un feu de forêt au Montana. La quantité de blessures causées par le feu était différente dans les deux stations et la quantité de blessures sur arbres les plus susceptibles d’être attaqués et colonisés par les scolytes était également différente. Les arbres qui avaient subi une attaque localisée et qui étaient vivants 3 ans après le passage du feu avaient moins de blessures au tronc et dans la cime que les arbres qui avaient subi une attaque massive et avaient été tués par les scolytes; ce qui implique que les arbres blessés par le feu s’étaient moins bien défendus. La production de nouvelles générations de dendroctone occidental du pin (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) n’était pas différente que les arbres aient été blessés ou non par le feu, mais la production de nouvelles générations de dendroctone du pin ponderosa (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) était faible chez les deux types d’arbre, possiblement à cause de la compétition d’espèces de scolyte dont la croissance était plus rapide et qui colonisaient aussi les arbres. Malgré le grand nombre d’arbres vivants encore présents dans les deux stations, la réponse des scolytes aux arbres blessés par le feu a bondi et s’est résorbée en moins de 2 ans après le feu, possiblement à cause du nombre restreint d’arbres qui pouvaient facilement être colonisés. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
منابع مشابه
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تاریخ انتشار 2012